Творческая платформа для философских дискуссий

The evolution of natural systems -

from the point of view of a philosopher.

 

/It's abridged/

 

 I.

How much long the human civilization exists on Earth, so much time  there are practically continuous disputes between supporters of creationism and evolutionism. In own arguments, the former usually emphasize the astonishingly-miraculous complexity of living systems what's thereby linked to very far-fetched  chance of their self-emergence. At the same time, the latter flaunt about their totally unbiased reasoning which doesn’t require introduction of additional entities.

And Indeed: if you figure it out, then observed now natural polymorphism does not come down to the simplest neo-Darwinist constructions, and moreover involves, as a provoking factor, the so-called "outside interference". But the indisputable fundamental role of the evolutionary principle is all the same visible literally at every step. This is both rather intricate genesis of prions, and microevolutionary shifts which, by the way, are taking place before our eyes (invasions of previously unseen mosquitoes and rats, the formation of new strains of bacteria resistant to various poisons, target introduction of valuable cultivars and breeds); just like the racial differences of people that, apparently, have been the best explained by J.-P. Lamarck who, alas, was then outcasted with almost the entire scientific world.

Therefore, the natural progress is first of all, while creationism can, in general, be considered only as one of its tactical moves. And now, having understood all this, we can at last proceed to the presentation of the fundamentals of the author's theory of universal cosmic evolution.

All without exception material (physic & biological) systems can develop only in their free drift – thanks to gradual adaptability to environment as well as the memory factor that a priory inherent to the system of any level. In particular, translational motion of nitrogenous bases ended with mononucleotides' appearance; the perfection of three-step nucleotides - with the formation of long chains then twisted into more durable poly-functional spirals; finally, the latters, having united with their neighbors, led to the birth of the genome, and with it new essentially vital “the first bricks” of the animate  nature either.

The improvement of RNA molecules took place mainly at the nucleoprotein level since they could hardly have existed for an extended historical period without so faithful and inseparable acidic companions. In the old days single-stranded ribonucleoproteins propagated by replication using RNA-primers, and then realized themselves (or, to put it more professional, were expressed)  by means of PcG proteins. In this way, the latter began to be responsible for both enzymatic reactions and long-term pre-chromosomal memory. While short-term memory, and not only nucleotic, but also of any systems, is due to underlying structures, that is, ultimately - to monads’ perception.

Unfortunately, as is often the case, the subsequent integration of the primordial “chains of life” into a single proto-genome did by no means do them good. For after not far-sighted histones making and compactification of the principal hereditary material in the form of DNA, they have completely lost own freedom. So, continually striving for improvement, the nucleosomes involuntarily (as, in theory, any systems at all) ipso facto closed the path of their evolution, since with the advent of the cell, they began to serve needs of updated team. And nevertheless, despite this, some so called small RNAs have still remained at the native command headquarters (i.e. nucleus). They most likely performed an extrasensory role there, and subsequently, being associated with the perception of light energy, began to influence also the vital rhythms of the chromosomes. However, be that as it may, but centrioles cannot play a decisive role in the process of cell maturation and division. It's clear that they receive all work orders from the nucleus, where, accordingly, the natural pace-maker (or, if you like, a chronometer) of circadian vital activity locates. For all that, it certainly can’t be functionally connected with the chromatids themselves (especially if we remember how indicative they resist being pulled along different poles).

Giving a short review of cellular evolution, for a start it should be noted   it’s at this level that almost all  so urgent for us functional stages & processes like mitosis, meiosis, conjugation, diploidy, polyploidy (well and numerous other things which inherent also to more perfect organisms) have once upon arisen. But still the most valuable attainment in this regard should, obviously be recognized  the acquisition, as their future fail-safe helpers, of rickettsias (oddly enough, largely pathogenic now) by some nucleosomes and filamentous cyanobacteria - by others.

Over time, the cells began to unite into colonies which used to form based on the division of one maternal individual (apparently, due to the adhesion of daughter ones).

As for the phylogenetic development of complex multicellular organisms, it, of course, has certain characteristics for each species. However it has been carried out according to a single principle - on basis of the given genome which had  lost earlier  (ie, at the previous, so to speak, already "archaic" stages of its formation) the ability for self-improvement. In addition, let’s note along the way a number of important cornerstone points on which the author relies, arguing own view about the course of organismic evolution.

• Тheoretically quite valid  possibility of significant anatomical & morphological changes at the level of an individual - with a strict structural constancy of the genomic apparatus in all its foreseeable ancestors.

• The dominant role of factors of internal self-development and natural selection as the main driving forces of progress.

• The complete autonomy of the above evolutionary postulates from blind mutational processes, i.e. the conceptual independence of these two directions from each other.

Almost all progressive natural macro-shifts (such as: the transformation of scales into feathers, and fins into limbs; the creation of collective intelligence in ants and bees; radical rejection of the tail and preparation of the articulatory apparatus for meaningful speech among prehistoric apes) /are more-less connected with  outside interference, an adequate interpretation of which the author devoted a whole book in his time. So in this abridged version of the article, it makes sense to dwell only on the quite obvious circumstances of the everyday (albeit maybe subtle) adaptive perfectioning of organisms. In the modern scientific world, the opinion got somehow tacitly established that they all occur allegedly due to the phenomena of psycholamarkism or at least selective gene methylation. Well, for most earthly species, this seems to be the case. But for cnidarians, comb jellies and some other invertebrates, the decisive factor in their successful survival may be the scattering  of the radial nervous net able to retranslate to the gonads the information about the main   events  that  were fixed (for transfering the accumulated experience to offspring). Echinoderms tend to multiply through the regeneration of the whole body from one segment, and this, in all likelihood, also leads to the preservation of the acquired parenting qualities  for the descendants. As for the type of arthropods, no other organism has such a complex & refined control over the entire living system from the side of the primary chromosome. Let’s remember, at least in this regard, extremely punctual and in their own way wise social insects!.. And hence, they personify a certain special vector of evolutionary development, having managed at the same time to penetrate almost to its the very heights. Finally, it’s known that episomal & plasmid transfer of genetic material from one cell to another is an  essential importance to prokaryotes' life. So it can be hypothesized that in higher plant taxa, similar adaptive-hereditary interspecific exchange will be  fixed  too. After all, as noted earlier, the settling of qualitatively different plastid and mitochondrial symbiont-bacteria in separate cells, obviously, has also played  significant role in terms of  processes of cardinal divergence between plants and animals. Akin to plasmid transfer also the phenomenon of transductional integration of genomes, whose protagonists are retroviruses that live and reproduce based on peaceful coexistence with more developed organisms.

Mutations are known to be a blind factor of evolution, but also have a certain value in the nature around us. However, for some reason, quite possible breakdowns sat the sub-nucleotide level are rarely mentioned in scientific literature (probably due to their frequent culling). Although by the way, it was such an early deep mutation that resulted in the emergence of 2-deoxyribose (and as a consequence - the current DNA-strands).

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II.

Observing the evolution of nature allows us to formulate the law of the via-couple (synonyms: intermittent, triadic) similarity. Its practical value lies in the fact that it zooms the horizons of knowledge, giving one the opportunity to penetrate into such spheres which are not yet available for targeted laboratory  researches. This is especially true of the initial stages of Universe’s development, since the future with its close to perfection evolutionary macrostructures, in principle, is quite predictable with the help of other already well-tried means either.

Briefly, the essence of the law of triadic similarity can be formulated as follows: each new system is built from the subunits of the previous one but according to a rough plan (or, if you like, the algorithm) tested at even earlier hierarchical levels. That is, if to be more exact - at the third, counting from itself backward  (i.e. pre-fore-previous). Videlicet here it is only about the general ontogenetic scenario, since any attempt to behold the specific direct ancestor of a certain live creature among the retrospective bio-constructs will look mystical and even ridiculous. After all, then, say, we'd have to admit that the human genome originated from vanadium, and the cell - from some of its complex hydrogen compounds like hydride. While, in fact, the human cell has a proven genetic relationship only with the corresponding chromosomes and mitochondria, but the first have diploidly doubled as a result of the meeting and conjugation of two haploid cells (following the example of the formation of the diatomic molecules of simple substances); and the second were attached along the periphery like hydrogen ions in an ethylene molecule.

Comparing the above law with one or another theoretical postulates as well as phenomena amenable to direct observation, we have the opportunity to clarify and correct something in these common provisions (especially with regard to the structures and processes reigning in the microcosm inaccessible to naked eye). So, for example, we can ascertain with full confidence that the proton and neutron differ little from each other in terms of the number and nature of their constituent subparticles. Although, as everyone knows, the lifetime of a neutron in a free state is incommensurably shorter than of its nuclear tribesman. Which means the whole problem here is in some additional entities that accelerate the existence of the first of them or, conversely, patronize the second. And these provoking factors are obviously brought in from the outside; but, true,  given circumstances can also be caused by the instability of a certain combination of monads (i.e., in this concrete case – quarks) or, less likely, by their different position in space. However if we will take into account the skill of wonderworkers to bypass the laws of gravity by sending volitional impulses, and sometimes even to break intranuclear connections then, perhaps, we should accept the version about lepton nature of such influence.

Further, it is clearly seen that:

a) each monad has at least three independent characteristics besides female-male polarity which determines the mutual pairwise attraction between ones;

b) they can all emit and absorb energy;

с) the interplay between monads in quark triplets is many orders of magnitude stronger than their adjacent bonds in the nucleus.

Of particular interest is the fact that some analogs of isotopic hydrogen fold into rings, quite unambiguously passing over to purely contemplative practice; others (namely, linear), typical representatives of which are omni-potent viruses, lead a hyperactive, downright pirate lifestyle. There are several formal reasons for that: the first (ring) DNA are a part of the cellular structures, while the latter, in this regard, have a fairly wide autonomy.  They also, by the way, lack histone octamers and that could affect the spatial configuration and the main characteristics of viral acids too. But the true reason is generally one, and in this case it’s still precisely hidden from us.

Although it is quite clear that some specific features inherited from the underlying (possibly, even subatomic) modus vivendi must be  involved here. For it’s difficult to believe that polynucleotides  closure into a ring (in bacteria, cyanophytes, archaea as well as contemporary plastids) could only be associated with the transition to the cellular form of existence. In this plan, I would like to note that the nature of sub-strand contacts in mitochondria is albeit a distant but absolutely true analogue of cronyism, mutual responsibility, easy accessible sex and the other relative mess being prevalent in many unofficial religious communities. Not to mention the global assignment of any formations of this  kind - active absorption of inexhaustible vital energy from  the surrounding cosmos.

By the way, nematodes whose genomes are structured similarly to hydrogen molecules thrive in all parts of the world and in any environment but like these molecules themselves, alas, do not last forever either. While crystallomorphic viruses, thanks to their inherent a priori inner eternity, had an unlimited possibilities of constant elaboration and, therefore, represent (relative to the average standard of polynucleotides) the pinnackle of development among all living systems that once existed or will do. In any case a person will never attain their heights: this is maybe within the power only for robots which, nevertheless, are not live beings. Here some of the readers, a true, could argue that the molecules of silicic acid and natural rubber are also capable of unlimited growth and multiplying through regeneration. But they however, firstle, have an inactive lifestyle; secondly, are getting old; well and finally, for their reproduction something like a meteor shower  is required, and such conditions are known to be absent on Earth.

In the course of their prehistoric (but really epoch-making!) coevolution, viruses have improved in the usual way - due to the gradual accumulation of vital structural links. But wherein, their primarily ancient /so called archetypal/ genetic segments, and even perhaps single nucleotides, at the same time are the most important, i.e. regulatory. After all, just such a development of events would, in our opinion, be optimal and logically consistent from the point of view of system evolution.

 

III.

So, according to the scientific data available to us, it is the permanent improvement  of species with an additional stimulation of this process from the outside that should be considered as the main reason for polymorphism of nature.

But is it still  possible to contrast something to this (even, at least,  with elements of a sane fancy)? Well, such options are formally at our disposal either. Firstly that is the giving to proteins (allegedly recasting independently own computer-management network) by a self-sufficient, almost mystical organizational content. Which, in turn, should be directly related to the adequate launch of the hardest mechanism of ontogenesis. Of course, it is not easy for any sober-minded scientist to believe in such  idea, but nevertheless...

The another alternative version looks much more sound in appearance. We are talking about the transfer of the role of an active evolutionary subject from an omni-recognized organismic factor to Universe time itself, in relation to which life in this case will automatically take the position of a first-order attribute. As for the true  (ie. not intersected with space) time, then it obviously is here likened to an unified  divine beginning. However it’s no longer that blind scholastic approach to the interpretation of the concept of "God", which is so well known to many from the childhood but more or less, after all, scientifically grounded! By the way, let's add that the time of movement, what is just usual for us, associated with overcoming (and sometimes - at wonderworkers - transformation) of space, refers to the truly one as a function does to an argument.

Unfortunately both of the above versions are not sufficiently relevant for current science, at least because they apparently can neither be confirmed nor refuted. From this point of view, the creationist position is more methodologically acceptable, since over time the higher evolutionary hierarchs can be, in theory, discovered by an instrumental way. Besides only this concept helps to resolve the eternal philosophical question "What is Universe’s meaning of our obviously meaningless life?" And sadly enough the answer here inevitably suggests itself unambiguous: we are all destined to be in the service of the higher hierarchs!

 

Emir Ashursky (Kiev, Ukraine)

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On the approaches to self-knowledge.

 

Introduction

Vague guesses about the veritable evolutionary essence of terrestrial organisms, which are not divine creatures at all, but simple bio-robots, haunted mankind for a long time. And even, by the way, that pretty piquant alignment for us, at which “his majesty” Homo sapiens can also personify some type of artificial, and not really existing hypostasis, was discussed at one time as by solipsists (Lao-tzu, Buddha, Gorgias, Claude Brunet), as other famous sages of antiquity; but, a true, in a somewhat different perspective.

However, in serious science, mere pompous tirades are clearly not enough - instead specific arguments were required. And exactly one and a half centuries ago* in St. Petersburg an epoch-making, one might say without exaggeration, book "Reflexes of the Brain" was published, where all this evidence was clearly and quite convincingly presented. And although against the very "father of Russian physiology" I.M. Sechenov, many of the then religious leaders immediately took up arms, accusing him of blasphemy, immorality and other grave, inexorable sins, - however, the corresponding initiation, as the saying goes, was successfully  laid, and besides reliably documented. With which, by the way, the majority of the world scientific community agreed in the end too. While already in the middle of the next century, these progressive ideas of our illustrious compatriot were maintained by Jewish emigrant Norbert Wiener, who practically equated any living creature with a machine.

But, be that as it may, in own new philosophical treatise the author makes a bold attempt to penetrate even deeper to the most secret labyrinths of the spiritualized nature – with the mind's eye scanning the intracellular space and substantiating thus the entire complex evolutionary mechanism of optimal program control in the system of higher nervous regulation.

Yes, indeed, there is really no need to argue here: we are all aesthetically graceful, morally perfect and, besides, quite lettered bio-robots! But just why, however, many in practice are so wary, and sometimes even belligerent about this? It turns out, because in the sphere of the vast majority of post-Soviet republics’ humanitarian education, the banal Marxist-Leninist materialism still reigns supreme. The true idealistic wing (I emphasize: not religious but research one), in fact, simply does not exist - except perhaps for a few single enthusiasts like N.P. Bekhtereva, V.I. Tsymbalyuk, V.D. Mishiyev, S.B. Krymsky. And although new advanced knowledge has begun to pour out into society by a runaway rapid stream, however, in our opinion, adequate state support is still not enough for it.

Well, then let’s try at least in given theoretical review, to correct as far as possible such unpleasant tendency.

I

As known, human memory functions on several levels, and primary (which localized in the dominant thalamus) is directly related to sensory imprinting. It’s essentially the involved here monads’ memory. A few seconds later, emotionally colored informational sensations can still be restored in consciousness due to reverberation of nerve impulses along the contour of thalamic nuclei or even on the overlying brain layers (if it is about, for example, the perception of speech, gestures, hieroglyphs and other difficult abstract images). Such memory can be named momentary. Generally, the limbic structures, including the hippocampus, are able to accept not only targeted orders from the thalamus, but also to catch the emotional background of any symbolically encoded messages which arrive in suitable for assimilation kind from the cortex. Wherein the hippocampus is responsible for the functioning of human working memory too.

As mentioned earlier, in the course of the historical evolution of natural systems, continuity is quite distinctly traced both in the character itself and in the way of forming sensations and emotions specific to this particular stage. But still it's most clearly seen in the example of memory, because the short-term memory of each subsequent system holds on to the remembrance substrate of the previous one.

By the by, momentary (reverberative) memory is also apparently present at any step of the evolutionary hierarchy. But it mainly depends on the nature of the imprinting and methods the signals are transmitted, and not on the underlying structures because systems of different levels perceive the passage of time (and hence the very chronology of events) unequally.

Despite the fact that a long-term memory of chordates is based, in principle, on astrocytes, yet, if necessary, it's quite capable of appealing to similar memo-substance of a lower order represented, obviously, by intranuclear (but sometimes, possibly, even extracellular) proteins**. However in all people without exception, long-term memory (confined - recall just in case - to the gray matter of the cortex of both hemispheres) is generated from the working one and moreover, as a rule, during minutes of sensory lull, i.e. basically in the afternoon. At night it only is completed what was not done in daylight hours (and unless in separate short ”stripes” because most of the time the brain just rests).

Although astrocytes (which, as you know, have a much shorter evolutionary "experience") store their database in analog form, and peptides - in digital, both of these functions all the same are strictly selective. Particularly, in the course of the selection of more important material, concept-proteins already present in neurons obviously play leading role, and the subcortical structures responsible for working memory are secondary. Wherein the phenomenon of total memorization is inherent only in the primary monadiform "Self" (and even then not everyone is able to get such information).

II.

Human thinking is based on long-term memory and is formed in areas directly adjacent to the corresponding sensory analyzers of the cerebral hemispheres. The same concepts, which is quite natural, are capable of being duplicated several times, depending on their etiological background. In addition, one should consider the possible ramification of notions not only in the sensory aspect, but also at a higher ordinal level: as homonyms, synonyms, idioms, neologisms, and even by purely emotional signs. At that new astrocytic & protein notions are built (with reference, of course, to the material already available here) on the basis of fresh relevant images worthy of entering into long-term memory.

In the thickness of the cerebral hemispheres, just like in complex cyber devices or propositions of formal logic, hierarchical pyramids are located, at the very top of which super-concepts lie. Besides, here are present as well analogues of the categorical-semantic apparatus, associative zones, structures responsible for the functioning of the feedback principle etc. By the way, within formal logic, one might say, there is nothing at all that would not be somehow realized in the brain of highly developed representatives of the earthly fauna. For instance, using the well-known law: "If B follows from A, then non-A follows from non-B", we must be prepared to find “the non-B protein” directly linked to “the non-A protein”. Of course, in order to save space, such abstract structures are laid mainly at the level of super-concepts.

Specific "departmental" chromosomes are responsible for the connection between individual protein-concepts, whilst the neurons themselves are for the formation of the resulting associative tracks, using, all appearance, ordinary electrical impulses for this (in contrast to the sound signals of their nucleic precursors by the system hierarchy). These neurons can work at any time, regardless of the involvement in the area of consciousness, but basically they do it during the day, in the waking period. When the long syllogistic chain "protein A - protein B - protein C - protein D" is closed by means of "protein A - protein D", cells are excited, which, as we know, leads to the release of additional portions of energy. Energy, being converted into a nerve impulse, reaches the thalamus, but it is not always properly perceived there. When this signal is irrelevant to the organism, the "Ego" does not react to it. Although in other cases, our “main post” singly can send a request to the cortex, if he needs to remember something or urgently find an answer. Such way of communication is, at least, much more effective.

As for astrocytes, they here (and above all - in the folds of gray matter) act only as passive albeit rather reliable keepers of memory. At that, as mentioned earlier (see the previous section), the author is inclined to believe that it is analog in nature, not digital, being directly caused by the close biochemical interaction between glia- and neuro-transmitters.

III

Thus, in contrast to instant recognition with sensory implications, all other memo-images (i.e., not related to the acute immediate needs of an individual) owe their genesis exclusively to the cortex. Although they are transmitted, perhaps, by the quantum-wave path but even so are projected into human consciousness for sure through a material (or rather, monad) substrate that is quite familiar to us. Moreover practically the same should be said about all sorts of dreams, fantasies, complex multi-stage abstractions, and, of course, about any mentally creative processes that are characteristic, in one way or another, for serious scientific developments. By and large, their implementation, in fact, is not much different from similar previously described phenomena, occurring in the sensory nuclei, but here, however, it still cannot do without the direct active participation of higher cerebral structures. Firstly, an abstract image of the observer is created, from the point of view of which the represented object is considered; secondly, here every now and then it is also necessary to involve, besides, such formal categories as magnitude, dimension, angle of perception, etc. All these operating procedures are the paramount vital concern of thinking, while the finally created image is transferred into the central “Self”. Although the latter, at the same time, it would hardly be correct to assign some minor, purely facultative role in these processes.  And here, for example, is visual confirmation of what was said: it has long been well known that weak-willed people, as a rule, do not have stable and sufficiently strong thought associations. The images arisen in them are unsteady, vague and quickly disappear from consciousness, again and again replaced by some new ones...

In addition, the general nature of the produced cognitive representations may also depend on the concrete emotional attitude, the specific hemispherity of a given person, the degree of development of cerebral cytomyeloarchitectonics and a number of other important factors.

 IV

Well, in the finishing section, let’s still try to find out, due to what, at the level of an individual or even humanity as a whole, such an amazing natural phenomenon as self-conscience is realized.

First of all, it should be clarified here that without proteins and astrocytes, neither the genome, nor the primary "Ego", nor the thalamus by themselves would probably ever have guessed about their        fleshly existence. So, it only looks like some insignificant detail, because in translation into epistemological language, one might say that such important scientific disciplines as psychology, biomedicine (namely, in the context of the genesis of the spiritualized planetary matter and its radical difference from inert), ethics, jurisprudence, and many other truly fundamental branches. In historical terms, some vague  glimpses of self-awareness have arisen among those primitive savages who have been able to compare the fact of the death of close friends, neighbors and relatives with the fatal inevitability of own demise.

But still it would be, of course, wrongfully and even illogical to give some exclusive role to proteins alone here. After all, in fact, already in the early author's works, it was quite rightly noted that the most important necessary and sufficient prerequisites for the emergence of such a significant process for earthly evolution should be considered: a) the presence of at least two mentally similar persons in a limited area of habitation; b) an increase in early representatives of the tribe Homo - starting from Australopithecus - of the degree of generalizing thoughtful operations to the conceptual level (moreover, apparently, one can say that extrasensory perception or gestural language in this case, for sure, does not work); and, finally, the birth of the so-called second signaling system. By the way, the term "process" itself is used here by no means accidentally, because it directly and unequivocally denies the idea of an explosive appearance or even (as, for example, some of our hugely popular among the ignorant masses of pseudo-authorities talk about this) "export" of such cognitive reflection from somewhere outside. On the off-chance, let us recall once again in this regard that according to the ground axiom of formal logic about the impossibility of cognizing the subject by the subject, any arbitrarily developed creature (even up to aliens or super-humanoids from other planets), being lonely, is fundamentally unable to master the factor of self-awareness.

In addition, the problem of potential grassroots self-identification is also of considerable interest here, because any unprejudiced investigator, by and large, would probably be care at all to know whether, say, the ordinary thermal neutrons or some other long-lived particles possess by this native gift.  For we have no right to mechanically extrapolate to them the arguments that are fashionable nowadays about a certain obligatory minimum of accumulated information and on this basis without hesitation to disown such an important attribute of the vital activity of any organized matter. Not only is one information different from another, but yet absolutely nobody has proven that those bits which are embedded in each monad or perimonadic structures are beneficial to a person. Maybe the human mind is able to refer exclusively to the cellular chromatin, and the monads of one particular nitrogenous base or amino group carry two kinds of information: polytypic - for own local purposes and unified - for some universal needs?! So in this case it is difficult, perhaps, to immediately find 100% accurate answer: after all, the range of issues touched upon here is already far beyond the scope of any of the natural sciences, acquiring, in fact, a pronounced philosophical orientation.

There is another paradox, not so acute and burning, but still worthy of at least briefly illuminating it at the proper level. The point is that any actively cognizing subject, on the one hand - a purely formal – understands nobody and nothing as well as himself; while on the other – contentual - he will never be able to get as complete and exhaustive information about himself as about the physical bodies around him. Which he, if desired, at any time can touch, disassemble into parts, look inside and even remake on his own way.

 A final summary

Here, perhaps, is all that can be said for today about the launch and implementation of the most complex thought mechanisms at the level of individual human being and the dominant, truly invaluable role of protein macro-molecules (such seemingly alien in relation to our vital nucleotide chains) in this process. As for the entire planetary mankind, it eventually in full realizes its essence and purpose also except with the help of robots. It is interesting that both proteins and highly organized robots from the not so distant future are able to accumulate and analyze information about external world, in fact, even without any support from DNA or, respectively, modern scientific community. Therefore, here once again the hypothesis proposed by us earlier (the essence of which is that the evolution of cosmic intelligence in its rates is noticeably ahead of the evolution of living natural systems) is confirmed in actuality. And thus, only in human society (after all, some tailless upright walking specimen torn out of it, does not mean anything, alas, in itself) for the mature earthly mind - as the only effective tool on the way to find the truth – the far-reaching and very attractive prospects are prepared!

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*This refers to the second edition of the pamphlet of 1871, since the first (1866) was arrested and fully withdrawn from sale by the tsarist censorship.

 

**However, it’s not excluded that professional magicians and wonderworkers might even turn to amino-groups for the necessary information, and also to gluons, mesons, etc. (as if plunging into the truly bottomless mnemo-storage of  downward systems).

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Miracles & Omens & Afflatus

as a visual confirmation that we arn’t alone here.

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Introduction

Despite a huge number of riddles and unresolved problems, progressive scientific thought has still taken over - at least, on many controversial issues First of all, this refers to the materialistic paradigm. On the submission of individual wonderworkers manipulating Tarot cards, passing through the walls (i.e. implying by space the entity a little different from our dogmatic), naïve e trends have already begun almost to be reanimated. However materialism withstanded eventually this onslaught, enriched at the same time by a special interpretation of multicomponent matter and quasi-matter.

In its turn, the theory of precognition /future vision/ also in some way contradicts to the common academic point of view; therefore, naturally it requires closer attention as well.

So now researchers' primary task is to try intelligibly to ground miracles, having given them an explanation within the modern fringe science.

* **

​

In particular, rejecting the postulates of creationism, we have (least) to agree with the version about some highly developed external observers who, a true, don’t practically interfere with earthly life. Since alternative one (that supposedly we are all potential but “dormant” yet wonderworkers) looks selfish and unlikely because of the abundance of clearly non-anthropogenic miracles. Let alone the numerous oral and sometimes even fixed evidence about past paleo-contacts.

In addition, the presence of the rudiments of miracles at the lower levels of the phylogenetic tree can be considered quite proven that, in turn, once again confirms the idea of the natural origin of Homo from a monkey (and indeed from ancient primitive organisms with a similar genome). It's just that human miraculous abilities have increased in the end about the same (in comparison with animals) as his intellect - and all this is directly related to the progress of the nervous system.

All people, regardless of moral or intellectual qualities (that is, purely according to the degree of their proximity to Supreme Will) can be divided into three categories: a) "thaumaturges"; b) "the initiates" (devoted or heavenly chosen ones); c) "mediocrities" (commoners, well or other). Moreover, thaumaturges are literally a few. These are, as a rule, lifetime wonderworkers, and after demise - celestials and canonized spiritual teachers such as Gautama Buddha, Pythagoras, Joseph of Copertino, Grigory Rasputin, Shirdi Sai Baba & Sathya Sai Baba, Zé Arigó, Uriel Geller. The initiates are about 10-15% of the total population. This is exactly the percentage of people, whose prayers, and also various kinds of spells, conspiracies, requests have chance to reach the addressee and thus show affect on the devoted themselves or on their entourage. These lucky beggars, in particular, know how to reliably read cards, see prophetic dreams, experience religious ecstasy (like witness of Fatima apparitions Lúcia dos Santos together with her cousins Francisco & Jacinta de Jesus Marto), successfully practice yoga, shamanize еtс. And if they don’t make somewhat of the above, it’s evidently - only because don’t a priori guess about having such abilities. Surely, all of them will find as well their place of honor in “the kingdom of heaven” after death. Among different folks, the percentage of initiates varies, which directly depends on the physiological, and also, by the way, on purely genetic characteristics of the representatives of a concrete nation. So, at the Scandinavian and Finno-Ugric tribes, it drops to 5, but in the ancient Jews was noticeably higher than the average.

As for the commoners, their miserable otherworldly vegetative existence (if it happens at all) can except that be deeply sympathized with. But even in this life, ordinary parishioners and monks occasionally have a very hard time, since de-facto their numerous appeals to the Almighty are like down the drain. From this point of view, one of the most exemplary members of this category is the great biblical martyr Job (or rather, his real prototype from then Transjordanian kingdom Jobab ben Zerah).

In contrast to such a longitudinal division, there is also a transverse independently of it: into left and right hemispheres (i.e. all three of the above groups, in turn, are divided in two halves). The left-hemispheric are more prone to some effective deeds while their antipodes are to meditative ones. Wherein, according to this concept, the phenomenon of poltergeist should be considered as the otherworldly acts of some immature (and possibly even unkind) left thaumaturges.

So apparently any tendency to congenital or (rarely) acquired wonderworking has to be somehow reflected anatomically. And moreover, it’s not at all necessarily through a certain defect but just by means of one or another deviation within the functional norm (including the features of inter-neuronal links, hemispherity etc.). As for the alternative point of view (that all the great wonderworkers were allegedly sent to us from the outside), it much smells creationism. Though the activity of strong built-in spirit-spies who managed to establish contact with "Self" (as, for instance, in the case of initiation at shamans) always outwardly differed in spectacular miracles. And unlikely they are associated only with a suggestive impact on the public – for sure, also with some momentary changes in the usual physical properties of matter, time and space! Well, and besides, there is the third version, according to which wonderworkers can be hybrid descendants of extraterrestrials distantly related with the most ancient earth creatures.

The inheritance of miraculous abilities from an ancestor in the next generation may indicate the obvious genetic basis of such phenomenon, though the specific mechanism for its implementation isn’t still entirely clear here. Meanwhile as the inheritance of the same qualities but already after a generation or even from some outsider donors (for example, from a witch) only confirms the direct participation in this the spirits-spies refluttering from a predecessor to a successor. At the genetic level (with regard to family cases), unless the functional predisposition of the organism to the adequate susceptibility of spi-spy can be transmitted.

Essentially, one single factor of the multi-layering live organisms is completely enough for an adequate interpretation of anthropomorphic miracles (as a rule, named “thaumaturgy”). In particular, the latent presence of some corporeal endosymbionts quite could be suspected when, let's say, that is talking about the direct connection of the contactee to the universal noospheric database. Wherein a person sometimes does not even realize this himself: for instance, at hypercalculation (high-speed automatic counting), multilingualism (when ordinary people suddenly become polyglots), and also - not excluded - in the traditional practice of acupuncture and herbal treatment. And as for all the others (i.e. natural artifacts not related to a specific personality), it may well be manifestations of a “different physics” in the form of parallel entities, compactificated spaces, wormholes-bridges etc. Let alone the innocent (but outlandish, and sometimes wild to our perception) mischiefs of some immature pranophytes*. Though this, by the way, can also include the posthumous infantile tricks of earthly cubs-wonderworkers (and moreover - not necessarily from the genus Homo).

Thus, now the question on the immediate agenda is whether individualized high powers like UFOnauts, angels, genies and all similar demigods really exist around us. For the presence of the supreme divine substance doesn’t already cause, probably, any doubts: without it planetary progress would just have been impossible! However even said pranophytes can be imagined both in the kind of collection of special elementary particles and in the form of diversified wave emanations or, finally, infusions of some “spiritual energy” from parallel worlds. Shortly speaking, this philosophical question is still relevant – despite higher super-individuals almost never interfere in everyday aspects of social life (not to mention concrete human destinies).

So let's now turn our attention to enough many-faceted area of outside wonderworking which obviously does not fit into the rigid framework of the usual "home-grown" thaumaturgy.

In particular, weird artifacts on snapshots taken in pitch darkness (but with manual exposure), “modulated noise” by Lamoreau brothers, Raudiv’s paracusia, as well as some heavenly and especially ufological signs indicate either that interpreting us information (by way of fundamental Universe's phenomenon as a whole) can be not quite correct & clear, or we perceive, and hence are aware it through our subtle sheaths, i.e. warpedly.

At the same time the most prominent role in explaining such paradoxes belongs, perhaps, to modern American scientists J. Allen Hynek and Jacques Vallee who advanced own alternative hypothesis of extra-dimensional intelligence (abbr. - EDI) to the global academic community. And precisely thanks to their restlessness and ebullient exploratory enthusiasm, somewhere at the end of the last century, it became possible to put into overall use many demanded today by researchers the terms like sensory filter, info-subjectivism, parallel worlds.

Although, as it subsequently turned out, even the very father of cybernetics Norbert Wiener had latent doubts about exact definitiveness of information, implying by it enough vague data which any actively perceiving subject is able to interpret in his way. But with that, despite the seeming speculation of this concept, it certainly must after all have a specific material rationale (at least in the form of some so far elusive quasi-particles or a gauge field); forasmuch otherwise it is not surprising to sink here into empty sophistry and agnosticism.

In turn, rare but pretty shocking episodes associated with a poltergeist might be caused by the pranks of the immature children's souls belonging to the suddenly deceased (or tragically dead) potential wonderworkers. However, on the other hand, one can also hardly ignore the version of similar actions by UFOs watching us; but that is less convincing in this case (due to the complexity of the adequate rationale for their infantilism). Although the sullenness of ancient castles' spooks, along with the carefree tomfoolery of "noisy ghosts" (like the talking mongoose Gef), gives reason to argue that the pranophytes also have some own age gradation. Where, a true, the word "age" itself has nothing to do with the impending demise.

Thus, so called "external wonderworking" can testify either to aliens, or to formerhighly developed terrestrial civilizations, or to parallel entities what anyway is

connected with very powerful (in the energy sense) hierarchs.

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                                                    ***

​​ As already mentioned, the ability to precognition may well be directly not related to those miracles we are accustomed (or about which, at least, have been reading more than enough).

For the seers contemplate not the dynamic perspective itself, but only astral widening somehow coupled with it (even if they borrow all the required information from celestial contact-agents). Numerous cases from the life of twins (who, developing from a single maternal egg, respectively, have a joint astral destiny, as a result of which are then subjected to almost same vicissitudes of fate) also testify in favor of such a quite obvious hypothesis. And from this, in turn, it follows that above metaphysical vector (or, if you like, the theosophical sheath) has the greatest impact on the subconscious thoughts and many involuntary movements of a person.

So astrology in its essence is by no means reduced to a trite copying of various Universe's cycles. But even if it can be done, then ipso facto time itself ought to have some special transcendental qualities which could determine its interest in certain objects. After all, be that as it may, any baby yet from conception is organically associated with heaven through invisible strong bonds; therefore, the old theosophical guess about the astral as one of the influential "subtle matters" has, by and large, the full right to exist.

It is curious that the heavens selectively show their sympathy-antipathy for specific individuals (and sometimes even for entire statesprecisely at the level of luck or - in extreme cases - the basic vital instincts; however don’t, alas, regulate the degree of development of their mental abilitiesThis once again emphasizes the ancient evolutionary nature of such connections - as, incidentallythat a mankind is gradually getting rid of them (and in a robotic society they, all appearances, will finally lose own topicality).

By the way. since the ill-fated 3rd World War is now on the lips of almost everyone, let's see together what the recognized luminaries of forecasting Michel de Nostredame and Vangelia Gushterova wrote about this.

The first of them which completed his futuristic chronicle (I note: in full conformity with the Hebrew lunar calendar that is also approaching its epochal 7,000th milestone**) by a very relevant for us frontier of the 2240s, prophesied numerous troubles and pestilence in Europe due to the fatal invasion from the East. But nevertheless, with the beginning of a new astrological week (2243) on our planet, supposedly, the long-awaited overall peace and tranquility should already come.

As for the illustrious Bulgarian clairvoyant Vanga, she - on the contrary – slightly hurried things, having moved the tragic page of history at least a decade and a half closer to the starting point of the millennium. In particular, in her opinion, all the up-and-downer should have been brewed back in 2008 - after the doom of four presidents. That is, translated into the language of realities, this might, most likely, mean the following: at the moment of the signing of a reconciliatory memorandum between Russia and Ukraine (with the participation of Putin, Zelensky, Erdogan, as well as the leader of Poland or Belarus), the bloodthirsty yankees together with accomplices from NATO will carry out a brutal terrorist act that evidently take the lives of everyone present. But since this terrible international atrocity will be thought out in advance and very carefully disguised, no one immediately can identify its practical executors on the spot. Therefore, after the initial shock (and perhaps even involuntary panic and confusion), certain time must still pass before nuclear weapons are used. Moreover, according to Vanga's prophecies, this interval may last up to a year and a half.

… As a result of radioactive fallout in the Northern Hemisphere, almost no animals or vegetation will remain alive. And then the Muslims (or - which isn't  excluded at all - the Chinese) will launch a massive chemical attack against  the few surviving Europeans. So eventually, about 5 years after the start of the war, the Old Continent unrecognizably becomes empty.

That is, as we can see, in both predicted scenarios, representatives of the East must put an end in this planetary conflict. And from the point of view of astrology, this feature is just much more significant than a quite natural stochastic spread of dates in one direction or another.

Wherein a detailed theoretical analysis of the available evidence suggests the fact only two versions are actually suitable for substantiating the precognitive techniques. Because everything else seems frankly far-fetched or at least deeply doubtful.

So here they are in a nutshell:

1. Computing of our future by some stealth contact-agents - with subsequent transfer of information to Earth through selected mediators like John the Apostle, Basil the Blessed, as well as above-mentioned Baba Vanga or Nostradamus. Since it is carried out along to precisely lead determinant vector, hence, is probabilistic rather than affirmative here. Moreover, this vector may even be astral; but in any case, such complex multi-valued calculations could realize only by extraterrestrial creatures (or, for example, the cosmic noosphere as a whole), while our homegrown astrologers - unless to get already prepared information from them.

2. Programming of separate allegedly “foreseen” episodes. This point, if relevant, is perhaps only in combination with the first. Its general meaning is as follows: in order to maintain the reputation of the chosen clairvoyant or fortune-teller, and also to intimidate earthlings, the disembodied cosmic pranophytes in every possible way contribute to the implementation of the previously predicted action at the right time (including through UFOs, built-in spirit-spies etc.).

As for “direct contemplation” of the future like peculiar documental movies, such a vulgar-idealistic approach just doesn't stand up to criticism - and especially in the light of the current paradigm (according to which the causemust be followed by an effect). Well, and vice versa: in the case of proven real existence of “chrono-ribbon a la Minkowski”, the vast majority of the previous achievements of world scientific thought will have to be thrown, I'm afraid into the dump. By the by, a somewhat similar situation is with notorious journeys along the time scale or for instance, with so called "parallel universes" (i.e. as if everything predicted comes true somewhere, but not necessarily with us): that is another example of typical empty ranting, which can only take away researchers' mental health and precious years of life.

 Therefore, when substantiating successful (and especially - for sure attested) prophecies, it has most often to be considered both factors: as preliminary as programmed. But still, of course, the first of them is much more important (at least even etiologically). In turn, among the secondary (programmed) levers of influence, the following can be distinguished here:

a) the exceptional sporadic giftedness of this particular human through a strong astral (what generally should anyhow manifest itself from an early age);

b) certain personal interest on the part of the given demigod (contact-agent);

c) polyfactorial prediction (say, regarding A.S. Pushkin - several alternative "white riders on a white horse").

And although the last of the versions seems here to be somewhat far-fetched (and, all the more, the rather sensational story with the executed Decembrist S.I. Muravyov-Apostol does not fit into that, for instance), it still has the right to a conceptual discussion.

 

Conclusion

So now is the time to draw a resumptive line.

As we have just found out, of the huge variety of natural phenomena that have not yet been solved, the most easily explained are prophecies actually coming true.

Plus, in addition to everything, it’s also very important that knowing the essence of the forecasts (whether from the mouth of a palmist, parapsychologist or even simple gypsy fortune-teller), with a strong own desire they can, of course, be prevented! So all the common pseudoscientific speculations on this theme (arbitrarily taken, for example, from biographies of queen A.S. Pushkin, M.S. Gorbachev, Indira & Rajiv Gandhi,and others) do not have any serious evidence base.

In turn, lion's share of anthropomorphic miracles could certainly be debunked if academic science finally recognized in the spirit of the main postulates of Theosophy (as, however, ancient Eastern teachings) the quite obvious multi-layering of every live organism.

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Acceptable answers might be such:

a) they don’t want to allow the dictatorship of artificial intelligence or robots’ hegemony;

b) wonders are shown not by the hierarchs themselves, who were set here purely for impartial outside observation and rare evolutionary interferences, but their little-minded offspring.

And besides, certain spontaneous miracles can be performed by the untimely deceased wonderworkers' souls, especially by dead children’s (poltergeist) or even by adults’ who, for some reason, haven't gotten to the noosphere.

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*Pranophytes are alternative forms of the Universal evolution that do without gross (visible) matter. And also, they, as it appears, possess (through built-in spirit-spies) own fifth part of “quite legitimate” but covert presence at all levels of the development of matter. Although, analyzing their behavioral stereotypes, the deduction inevitably suggests itself that in terms of a creative (i.e. not copied from somewhere and not borrowed from someone) mind they may be inferior to Homo sapiens.

 

«I have computed almost as many events in the future time as there are years that will pass until the Second Coming at the beginning of the seventh millennium». – M.Michel Nostradamus: "Letter to King Henry II of France".

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Ego sentio, ergō sum!
(Treatise on the psychological background of pre-cognitive brain activity)

 

                                          I. Consciousness & will
It is methodologically convenient to distinguish 6 real levels of "Self" in a person. The primary /central/ "Self" is the main neuron of this particular hemisphere, the dominant place of which, according to vitalists, preformists and contemporary neo-Lamarckians, is defined in the embryo. In turn, yogis localize the central "Self" in the pineal gland - apparently on the basis that in lower vertebrates it plays the role of the third eye and is thus capable of intensive energy exchange. However, in our opinion, the pineal gland belongs to other important mission, namely - of the cerebral chronometer; so doesn't carry any additional loads associated with volitional activity or clairvoyance. "Self" secondary /thalamic/ is localized in the appropriate visual hillock. "Self" tertiary /primitive/ is built on top with the limbic system. The next level - the mammalian "Self" - including the first three sublevels, is limited to the old layers of the cortex. The fifth level - the isocortical "Self" - is characteristic of the daily activities of the vast majority of people. Finally, the sixth, highest level is the mature "Self". Each subsequent "Self" embraces all the previous ones.
In terms of their functions, they differ as follows: the thalamic “Self” is responsible for practically all sensations and imprinting; the limbic "Self" does for emotions, working memory and any instinct-like manifestations; the mammalian "Self" does for elementary, one might say, animal logic; the cortical-hemispheric "Self" - for everyday thinking and long-term memory; the higher "Self" - for the formation of a worldview position, philosophical understanding of the being and own place in it. That is, taking into account all of the above, in the future it would be more expedient to distinguish them from psychological positions, namely: 1) "Self" volitional; 2) "Self" sensory; 3) “Self” emotional; 4) "Self" oneiric; 5) “Self” cogitative; 6) "Self" personifical /aware, intellective/.
In the waking state, the topography of consciousness is determined by the cortical-thalamic connections that are most relevant to the individual, and the area of ​​the covered by consciousness regions is in inverse proportion to the indicator of the distance of these zones from the central "Self". Thus, consciousness is not something that is implied logically, but what is felt and experienced by the inner contemplative essence of the dominant-hemispheric "Self". In other words, there can be nothing unconscious here (i.e.  on this step) per definitio. What has been said primarily concerns sensory and partly mental processes, since everything that lies below – in the brainstem or the spinal cord - is, of course, not tangible from the inside. After all, even at the cortical level, not everyone is really feels autonomic nervous regulation, as well as stereotyped motor acts associated with the use of previously developed skills. But one more time - let me remind - all these are not perceptions and much less emotions.
The topography of consciousness in most people is not predetermined by any one organ or cell, being logically conditioned by the activity of all the main structures of the brain. Neither the higher parts of the cortex, nor the hypothalamus, nor the reticular formation, as a rule, can independently change the area of ​​consciousness without objective reasons. And this is not anarchy at all, but just an auto-regulating system where the concept of consciousness is set axiomatically - as something that works at the moment. However, for certain people (mainly men) the central “Self” plays a decisive role in determining the sphere of consciousness. Such people are generally called strong-willed, and the rest are weak-willed. In fact there is no deep border between them. It's just that at the volitional ones, central "Self" functions much more actively, oftener taking the initiative in the distribution and ordering of nerve impulses.
True free will is always transcendental for the human mind because it can only be possessed by an auto-sufficient relic proto-energy and perhaps some the smallest/but the most basic elementary particles that underlie of our being. Though in everyday practice, a stable preference when choosing the sphere of consciousness of some structures of higher nervous activity over others is also usually called “firm will”. That's why functional dominance in the thalamus of the reticular nucleus is mostly known as the will of divine revelation; and a stable connection of the central “Ego” with the higher parts of the cerebral cortex (that are responsible for the formation of self-awareness) as rational will. It is on the latter factor that numerous methods for autogenic training and yogic improvement are based in order to achieve enlightenment. However all this of course cannot serve as an example of the manifestation of true will, because it is caused by a conscious initiative on the part of the cortex; so in the end this choice is determined by external information that the attainment of nirvana is possible and moreover it's a great indeed. Therefore, no matter how strange it may seem to some, an ordinary earthly person does not possess the factor of free will.
Latent injuries and various pathological processes developing in the central "Self" are much more dangerous than, say, hemo-blocking or even forced these cells' removal. This is especially true of strong-willed people, who, with such a turn of events, show clear signs of a severe mental illness, accompanied, moreover, by numerous somatic disorders. At the same time, for a certain (albeit usually short) period, the functions of the central “Self” can sometimes be transferred to other cells of the thalamus. And it is this phenomenon, apparently, takes place at the yogic immersing into samādhi when one of the nuclei of the reticular formation becomes dominant in their organism.
P.S. The phenomenal volitional capabilities of wonderworkers and the highest evolutionary hierarchs should desirable be a separate topic here, though purely thematically it, one way or another, does not fit into the scope of this research article.
 

                                              II. OWNER & LODGER

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In the cranial box of almost every living person and even the simplest mammal there are two different creatures - two Neighbors: the dominant (Owner) and the recessive (Lodger). The question of the possibility of their integration into an organic whole among individuals who have outstanding extra- and, sometimes, multi-sensory abilities, is still quite controversial.

It is usually not accepted to highlight separate levels of "Ego” at the Lodger, because himself is very cramped and limited in activities. However some functions are, nevertheless, fulfilled  by him: for example, it is with his participation most of the dreams are formed; he is responsible, besides, for certain involuntary movements of the opposite side of the body; for  memorizing revelations inaccessible to our active perception because of their non-entry into the sphere of consciousness; for regulatory assistance of autonomic nervous system; as well as, perhaps, for some mysterious phenomena  associated with the empirical rational of the chiro-doctrine, oneiromancy, divination via cards,  dowsing and of course sleepwalking.

Both hemispheres of telencephalon practically belong to the Owner, but preference when choosing a program of action is, of course, given to one of them that is closer to this particular “Ego". Thus, any expressions like “right-hemi's individual” and “left-hemi's man” reflect in some way his inclinations, but are not quite true to the fact in literal meaning of the word.

From a philosophical point of view, the choice between dominance and recessiveness of Neighbors is made axiomatically. Meanwhile from the standpoint of a biologist, we can talk either about genetic determination or a situational choice (related, for example, to the presence of condensed sexual heterochromatin in the corresponding progenitor  ectodermal cell). But this is a purely formal alternative. In fact, of course, the type of hemispherity is set from birth; that’s, there is a full genetic predestination.

Nevertheless, a locally-mosaic loss or damage of the “Y” chromosome in the cells of the dominant thalamus may well lead to incorrect differentiation in men with the development of true homosexuality. While female upper homosexuality that inevitably associated with an impudent, often even delinquent character, is largely due to the fact that genes causing such antisocial behavior were transferred to daughter from one of her parents. An interesting fact is that only 1% of male cells have female sex chromatin; whereas for women, respectively, the male sex chromatin is revealed 5 times as often (what is clearly discordant to statistics on the number of cases of homosexual deviations among representatives of different sexes). Hence, the conclusion about the potential belonging to this group of all uncorrectable frigid women involuntarily suggests itself.  But, on the other hand, if you look at the problem through the eyes of a geneticist, the above-mentioned fact may point, moreover, to the origin of the "Y" chromosome from the "X" one.

 

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